"EDF’s work on clean air enhances awareness and advocacy in environmental justice communities. Recent projects focused on community air monitoring enable residents, as well as public health and elected officials, to begin to understand and address ongoing and emerging air quality issues. Education has been valuable for increasing awareness related to air quality and clean air efforts."
Environmental Injustice
Nearly 150 million Americans, or roughly half of the population, live in areas with unhealthy levels of air pollution. The problem disproportionately menaces communities of color and low wealth areas. That is because coal-fired power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, ports, highways and other sources of air pollution are more likely to be located near Black and Latino households.
After measuring high levels of methane, officials conducted a health assessment of neighborhoods near Pleasantville, Texas.
As a result, Black Americans, in particular, face a 54% higher health burden compared to the overall population. Black people are almost three times more likely to die from asthma than white people, while black children are four times more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than white children.
Additional research with Kaiser Permanente has found that street-level differences in pollution, particularly NO2, result in disparities in rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations among people of all ages with asthma. Children with asthma were particularly vulnerable, and had 15% higher rates of hospitalization due to asthma if living in areas of elevated traffic-related air pollution.
These disparate environmental impacts are not accidental. They are the product of systemic racism and deep structural inequality. Local, state and federal policies enforced segregation, prevented access to reasonably priced mortgages and starved Black and Latino communities of resources. Companies, meanwhile, followed this path of least resistance, putting polluting facilities in communities of color and low wealth areas.
To this day, for example, the lack of protections from zoning laws in Houston, Texas, has allowed warehouses, salvage yards and metal recyclers to add to the air pollution from freeways and the Houston Ship Channel in the historically Black community of Pleasantville. Its cancer risk is higher than the rest of the city, and Pleasantville and other communities of color experience higher rates of lung and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In developing countries, those living in poverty face similar disproportionate harmful health impacts from air pollution. In these countries, pollution levels may be far worse than the U.S., but there is little scientific measurement of outdoor air quality.
One tool that can help governments break down these systemic barriers, give communities back more control, and make sure that all can thrive is high-quality, actionable data.
